Insect mouthparts are modified appendages located on their head, similar in structure and composition to other limbs, as legs and antennae kellog, 1902. Students explore ways that plants and insects impact each other, identify how different types of mouthparts allow insects to use plants in different ways, and design an insect and a. Different types of mouthparts biting and chewing type chewing and lapping type lacerating and sucking type piercing and sucking type sponging type siphoning type mask type degenerate type. Mouthparts of insects vary to a great extend among insects of different groups depending upon their feeding habits.
Insects have a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding. Scott department of biological sciences university of alberta supported in part by academic technologies for learning and faculty of science, university of alberta these modules are designed primarily for use in introductory entomology courses at the university of alberta. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust mouthparts of a chewing insect, and it uses them to masticate cut, tear, crush, chew food items. Study 76 terms ento practice exam 1 flashcards quizlet. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved from biting and chewing type of mouth parts. Explain that each insect has a different type of mouth that is specially adapted to the. Peace corps office of programming and training coordination, 1980 and the handbook for pesticide applicators and dispensers compiled and. Background information the ecological roles that animals play in their ecosystems or habitats are, for the most part, determined by what and how they eat. They are plant feeding, predators, parasitic and decomposers, for which they must possess different types of feeding apparatus. The labium is elongated and forms two lobes at the tip.
Insects have a hard protective covering called an exoskeleton. Additionally, all true insects have their mouthparts their versions of their teeth and tongue on the outside of their heads. Insects come in all shapes and sizes, and there are millions of different species found all across the globe. These type of mouthparts are linked to solid foodbased feeding and they can be currently observed in a lot of groups. Different types of mouthparts biting and chewing type chewing and lapping type lacerating and sucking type piercing and. Whichever the case, it is very important to classify insects. Insects are the largest group of animals that occupy every type of habitat available on earth with the possible exception of sea. Insects are cold blooded and have six legs, three main body parts and an exoskeleton. Click on the tabs below to learn more about the mouthparts of specific insects.
Chewing lapping mouthparts these are the basic components found in most of the insects. Despite this evolutionary diversity, the mouthparts of insects are always. Mandibulatelapping mouthparts are linked to a liquidbased diet e. A typical insect has 6 legs appendages and wings to fly. They also feed on a variety of food in different habitat condition. Damaged foliage is usually mottled, but other symptoms may be wilting, scorched leaf tips, or puckering and curling. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in ways that. However, some of them may be ighly modified or even absent in some taxa. A result of the codiversification of insects and flowering plants was the expansion of the different insect mouthparts labandeira, 1997. The mouthparts of insects, in the primitive structure, derive from the differentiation of three postoral segments.
Form and function of insect mouthparts request pdf. Using their mouthparts, the pests pierce or rasp tissue so they can suck plant juices. Cursorial is a fancy word for running, so these are the kinds of legs you see on swiftly moving insects such as roaches and tiger beetles. A chewing insect has a pair of mandibles, one on each side of the head. Insect mouth parts zoology for ias, ifos and other. In fact, an insects mouth is one of its defining features. The two most common forms are the chewing and piercingsucking types moth and butterflies have a different, unique form of mouthparts. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved. Insects are a group of organisms that possess maximum diversity. Abstract one of the most intensively examined and abundantly. Insect mouthparts amateur entomologists society aes. Learn more insect mouthparts and how they are perfectly.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of species considered insects. Still other insects, like ants, have powerful jaws that grip and cut food sources. Examples of insects with haustellate mouthparts include true bugs, aphids and their relatives, butterflies and moths, fleas, mosquitoes and many other types of flies. The structure is composed of articulated appendages called gnathites, represented by two pairs of symmetrical appendages mandibles and maxillae and a posterior labium, unpaired and median.
Mouth parts seen here are called the mandibles sucking mouth parts the slender, tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain insects. Most can fly and live on land, but some live in water. Some insect mouthparts do not chew, but pierce and suck liquid food. Insect mouthparts an overview sciencedirect topics. Insects are incredibly diverse organisms, and they fill a variety of niches in their respective ecosystems. Mouth parts in insects with diagram biology discussion. Some people identify the types of insects based on its habit flying, crawling, running etc. In some cases the adult insects make elaborate preparations for the young, in others the mother alone defends or feeds her young, and in still others the young are supported by complex insect societies. Some have tubelike mouth to suck blood or plants juice. List three different functional types of insect a legs, b. This type of mouth parts are adapted for piercing the tissues of animals and plants to suck blood and plant juice, and found in dipteran insects like mosquitoes and hemipteran insects like bugs, aphids, etc. Morphology of insect mouthparts erik smith cornell blogs. Information contained on this page has been adapted from the remote areas development manual compiled and edited by community development counseling services, inc.
Insects are found everywhere in the world, and they eat pretty much anything. Insects may or may not be evenly distributed often aggregate or congregate close to resources cause may be food source, temperature optimum aggregation pheromone rationale for sampling in multiple locations may miss if only one or two samples practical limitation on number of samples. Because they lack backbones, they are invertebrates. There are five different structures which are used for the initial collection and processing of food. Adults have piercingsucking mouthparts and two pairs of wings. The mouthparts are formed from appendages of all head segments except the second. Basal brachycera larvae show modifications away from the typical chewing mouthparts. Insect mouthparts in perspective basic patterns ofinsect mouthparts the head capsule of insects appears to be subdivided into six regions that corre spond to embryonic segments 215, but see 271, of which five bear mouthpart. Insects with chewing mouthparts chewing insects feed by biting, ripping or tearing plant tissue. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations. These insects rely other animals tissue to feed on. Insects are strongly cephalized animals, that is, many of the important functions are moved. Adaptive modifications in mouth parts of insects youtube. In general, insect mouthparts are modified, paired appendages that.
The cenozoic record of insect mouthparts does reveal minor variations within previously established mouthpart types, such as modifications involved in faith ful pollination of certain angiosperms 51,54,355 or finetuned ectoparasitic specializations for mammalian hosts 145,198,2,340. Some colonies of social insects, such as tropical termites and ants, may. Insects with sucking mouthparts pests with sucking mouthparts cause similar types of damage. Adaptive modifications in mouth parts of insects ch09 life sciences, botany, zoology, bioscience. Examples of insects with haustellate mouthparts include true bugs, aphids and their relatives, butterflies and moths, fleas, mosquitoes and many other types of. Mouthparts ent 425 general entomology nc state university. Sep 27, 2017 adaptive modifications in mouth parts of insects ch09 life sciences, botany, zoology, bioscience. B mosquito, aedes culicidae with labium reflexed to show styletiform mouthparts. Mandibles these are hard jaws meant for gripping and biting, most often found on insects like ants. These are the types of legs most people likely think of if theyve ever pondered insect legs before.
Determining the type of mouthpart present on a specimen is useful. The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. Information on insect mouth parts including a description of the basic parts of the. The primitive arrangement of mouthparts is seen in the cockroach here they are used for biting. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Mandibulate, used for chewing, and haustellate used for sucking matsuda, 1965. The sheathlike labium slides back and the remaining mouthparts pass through its tip and into the tissue. A list of different types of flying insects with pictures. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Insects photographic atlas of entomology and guide to insect identification how to know the immature insects insects and diseases of woody plants of the central rockies pests of the west book title list handout. The main function of mouthparts is involved in feeding and therefore it varies in form and structure according to the taxonomic group and feeding habit of the taxa. Chewing and lapping type mouthparts siphoning type mouthparts mask type mouthparts degenerate type mouthparts 3. We can classify them based o their morphology, habitats and other characters. To determine what type of mouth an insect has, get a good hand lens 10 to 15x or a small microscope and a bright light. This article outlines the basic elements of four arthropod groups. Information on insect mouth parts including a description of the basic parts of the insect mouth and further details on how some insects have modified their mouthparts to enable specialised feeding.
Insects are used as the model, with the novel mouthparts of the other groups introduced in turn. Derived brachycera larvae in the cyclorrhapha have highly modified mouthparts in which the typical mouthparts are lost or fused. This article will focus on four commonly encountered types of mouthparts. It is estimated that about 6 10 million species of insects exist on the earth, some of which are not even identified as yet. Insects and mites have different mouthparts, depending on the group to which they belong. Correct identification of insect order important for pest control. These consist of the labrum forming upper lip, mandibles, first maxillae, second maxillae forming lower lip, hypo pharynx and the epipharynx. An insects body has three major body parts, including a head, thorax and abdomen. Insects generally visit to collect nectar andor pollen predatory insects may also pollinate as they hunt other insects some plants fool insects into thinking the plant is a mate pollination is generally mutualistic sometimes specific insectplant pollination relationships develop e. Some insects suck blood while other sucking insects drink nectar from flowering plants. This also provides leverage when the other mouthparts are inserted. They may damage all or part of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, buds and. Insects are of different types and we may confuse with worms.
In general, arthropods have mouthparts for cutting, chewing, piercing, sucking, shredding, siphoning, and filtering. Contrary to some peoples opinions, no species of insect eats everything. Insects mouth there are the large variations among the mouths of different insects. The mouthparts of flowervisiting insects have been extensively studied experimentally, towards answering the central question of how the mouthparts are modified to intake nectar 4. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in ways that allow them to effectively exploit their food sources. Structure of insect mouth parts in general, as each insect differs. They usually consist of labium, labrum and epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae 1st pair and hypo pharynx.
Scientists classify insects into more than 30 main groups, but most of them belong to just six of these. Request pdf form and function of insect mouthparts insect mouthparts are. There are two basic types of appendages used for feeding. In omnivorous insects, such as cockroaches, crickets, and earwigs, the mouthparts are of a biting and chewing type mandibulate and resemble the probable basic design of ancestral pterygote insects more closely than the mouthparts of the majority of modern insects. Also, insects use several different types of mouthparts to chew their food, and the mouthparts move from side to side when they are chewing. When a mosquito bites, the pointed and barbed pair of maxillae penetrate the dermal tissue of the vertebrate to anchor the mouthparts in the tissue. They may damage all or part of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, buds and open flowers. Head and mouthparts of medically important insects, with cross section of mouthparts. In fact, an insect s mouth is one of its defining features. Labrum a cover which may be loosely referred to as the upper lip. Insects come in all shapes and sizesthere are millions of different species found all across the globe. On the basis of the mandibulate type, lets see a summary of the main adaptive modifications observed in different types of mouthparts. Insect identification and biology university of manitoba. There are many types of mouthparts, but most insects fall into one of four categories.
Mouthparts can be used to identify insects, the type of insect that caused plant damage, and the type of insecticide that would be effective in managing an insect problem. Insect mouth types steve souder fellow prism gk12 chewing mouth parts usually found on insects that are predators, aggressive, or feed on vegetation. Members of this order may be pests such as mosquitoes or sugar beet root maggot or beneficial insects such as parasitic flies that control pests. Hemiptera stinkbugs, plant bugs, squash bugs, boxelder bugs metamorphosis is simple in this order.
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